![]() Preventing actin filaments from forming reduced the amount of Drp1 that accumulated at mitochondria, and resulted in the mitochondria dividing less frequently. found that one such signal is the assembly of filaments of a protein called actin. Specific signals for fission can push Drp1 toward maturation, which then leads to fission. This process of Drp1 assembly and oligomerization on mitochondria is called maturation. The experiments showed that when bound to surface of the mitochondrion, Drp1 switches between assembling and disassembling the oligomer ring. now suggest that Drp1 is continuously binding to and releasing from mitochondria, regardless of the need for fission. However, by using microscopy to track the movement of fluorescently labeled Drp1 molecules in human cells, Ji, Hatch et al. It is often assumed that Drp1 molecules are recruited to the mitochondria immediately before fission and then form the oligomer ring. The ring then constricts to split the mitochondrion in two. A number of Drp1 molecules can associate with each other to form an “oligomer” in the shape of a ring around a mitochondrion. Many different molecules work together to help mitochondria divide, including a protein called Drp1. Several neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s, are associated with problems that affect mitochondrial fission. Mitochondria constantly divide (a process known as fission) or fuse together, which helps to keep them in good working condition and well distributed around the cell. Inside cells, structures called mitochondria supply the energy needed to carry out the processes that sustain life. We propose that Drp1 is in dynamic equilibrium on mitochondria in a fission-independent manner, and that fission factors such as actin filaments target productive oligomerization to fission sites. Actin filaments bind purified Drp1 and increase GTPase activity in a manner that is synergistic with the mitochondrial protein Mff, suggesting a role for direct Drp1/actin interaction. Inhibiting actin polymerization, myosin IIA, or the formin INF2 reduces both un-stimulated and ionomycin-induced Drp1 accumulation and mitochondrial fission. Ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, causes rapid mitochondrial accumulation of actin filaments followed by Drp1 accumulation at the fission site, and increases fission rate. Drp1 oligomers also translocate directionally along mitochondria. Maturation of a stable Drp1 oligomer does not forcibly lead to fission. Using live-cell microscopy, we find evidence for a different model, progressive maturation of Drp1 oligomers on mitochondria through incorporation of smaller mitochondrially-bound Drp1 units. A current assumption is that cytosolic Drp1 is recruited directly to fission sites immediately prior to fission. While the dynamin GTPase Drp1 plays a critical role during mitochondrial fission, mechanisms controlling its recruitment to fission sites are unclear.
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